All hosting plans come with Installatron, a powerful utility designed to make installing and setting up website applications fast and pain-free.
Installatron’s easy-to-use interface enables instant installs and upgrades for a growing collection of the best applications on the web.
Any or all of these web applications can be added to your website, including multiple installs of each.
Community Building
Community software includes forum systems (also known as bulletin boards), guestbooks, and mailing list applications.
DokuWiki - DokuWiki is a lightweight, open source wiki application.
From the Author
DokuWiki is a standards compliant, simple to use wiki, mainly aimed at creating documentation of any kind. It is targeted at developer teams, workgroups and small companies. It has a simple but powerful syntax which makes sure the datafiles remain readable outside the Wiki and eases the creation of structured texts. All data is stored in plain text files – no database is required.
Elgg - Elgg is an open source social networking platform.
From the Author
Elgg is an award-winning social networking platform, delivering the building blocks that enable businesses, schools, universities and associations to create their own fully-featured social networks and applications. Elgg was voted best open source social networking platform in 2008.
ExtCalendar - ExtCalendar is an open source calendar application.
From the Author
ExtCalendar is a powerful multi-user web-based calendar application. Features include Multi-Languages, Themes, Recurrent Events, Categories, Users and Groups management, Environment and General Settings, Template Configuration, Product Updates.
GBook - GBook is a free guestbook system, with advanced spam-fighting tools. GBook is also known as PHP Guestbook.
From the Author
GBook is an easy to use PHP guestbook, which allows your visitors to post comments on your website.
GBook includes advanced (and regularly updated) SPAM protection.
Lazarus Guestbook - Lazarus Guestbook is an open source guestbook application. Lazarus Guestbook forked from the Advanced Guestbook application in 2006.
Mantis - Mantis is a popular open source bug tracking system that enables error reports and feature requests to be efficiently managed for a project. Mantis was launched in 2005.
From the Author
Mantis is a free popular web-based bug-tracking system. It is written in the PHP scripting language, and almost any web browser will function as a client. Mantis is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
MediaWiki - Mediawiki is a powerful open source wiki system, and can be used from the web GUI although the advanced administrative tools require SSH access. Mediawiki was originally created to power the Wikipedia project.
MyBB - MyBB is an open source forum application. MyBB forked from the XMB project in 2002.
From the Author
From administration to posting a reply, MyBB is a forum package full of useful and to-the-point features for both you and your visitors, helping you to make running your bulletin board as easy as possible.
Oxwall - Oxwall is an open source social networking platform.
From the Author
Oxwall is an unbelievably flexible and easy to use community software platform used for a wide range of projects starting from family sites and custom social networks to collaboration tools and enterprise community solutions.
Whether you are a freelance developer willing to streamline your work for client projects; an individual willing to create a community site; or a brand planning to set up a destination for your customers - Oxwall is for you.
phpBB - phpBB is an open source forum system. phpBB is the most-used free forum script on the Internet.
From the Author
phpBB is a high powered, fully scalable, and highly customisable open-source bulletin board package.
phpBB has a user-friendly interface, simple and straightforward administration panel, helpful FAQ, and is the ideal free community solution for all web sites.
phpFreeChat - phpFreeChat is an open source real-time chat system designed to be embedded into a website.
phpMyChat - phpMyChat is an open source real-time chat system.
From the Author
phpMyChat is an easy-to-use multi-room chat script that supports IRC-like commands and has been translated to 33 languages.
PHProjekt - PHProjekt is an open source groupware system.
From the Author
PHProjekt is a modular application for the coordination of group activities and to share informations and document via intranet and internet.
PHProjekt components include calendar, project management, time card system, file management, and contact manager.
Simple Machines Forum - Simple Machines Forum is a free forum system. Simple Machines Forum forked from the YaBBSE project in 2003.
From the Author
SMF is a next-generation community software package that is jam-packed with features, while at the same time having a minimal impact on resources.
Vanilla Forums - Vanilla Forums are a lightweight, open source forum system.
From the Author
Vanilla is an open-source, pluggable, themable, multi-lingual community-building solution. It is specially made to help small communities grow larger through SEO mojo, totally customizable social tools, and great user experience. Vanilla is also built with integration at the forefront, so it can seamlessly integrate with your existing website, blog, or custom-built application.
WebCalendar - WebCalendar is an open source calendar script.
From the Author
WebCalendar is a web-based calendar application. You can configure it as a single-user calendar, a multi-user calendar for groups of users, or as an event calendar viewable by visitors.
XMB Forum - XMB is an open source forum system.
From the Author
XMB Forum allows you to build, manage, and promote your online community.
YetAnotherForum.NET - YetAnotherForum.NET is an open source ASP.NET forum application.
From the Author
YetAnotherForumNET (YAF) is a open source discussion forum for web sites running ASP.NET. The full C# source code is available licensed as GPL.
Content Management
Content Management Systems (CMS) are designed to manage dynamic content for websites.
All CMS application have the ability to manage news or blogs and all include a templating system that allows you to define the appearance/style of the web pages it controls. The more complex systems can include a near endless list of additional features, including: categories; commenting; user logins; polls; statistics; file managers; FAQ managers; and so on.
Content Management Systems generally fit into the following loose categories: Blogs (also known as weblogs), CMSs, Portals (modular features that can be added into a standard three-column page layout), and Frameworks (do-it-yourself systems).
b2evolution - b2evolution is an open source blog system. b2evolution forked from the b2/cafelog project in 2003.
From the Author
b2evolution is a news/weblog tool. You enter your news items through an easy-to-use web interface and the updates will appear dynamically on your webpage. The script also handles archving and commenting. b2evolution is an extension of the 'b2' blog script.
BlogEngine.NET - BlogEngine.NET is an open source ASP.NET blog application.
From the Author
BlogEngine.NET may be the simplest and most light weight ASP.NET blog at the moment, but still full featured.
Code Igniter - CodeIgniter is a powerful, free framework system for the development of web applications. Development is achieved through the creation and editing of files. A commercial version named ExpressionEngine, which includes a web GUI, is available from the website.
From the Author
Code Igniter is an Application Development Framework - a toolkit - for people who build web sites using PHP. Its goal is to enable you to develop projects must faster than you could if you were writing code from scratch, by providing a rich set of libraries for commonly needed tasks, as well as a simple interface and logical structure to access these libraries. Code Igniter lets you creatively focus on your project by minimizing the amount of code needed for a given task.
concrete5 - concrete5 is an open source content management system and website builder.
From the Author
concrete5 makes running a website easy. Go to any page in your site and an editing toolbar gives you all the controls you need to update your website. No intimidating manuals, no complicated administration interfaces - just point and click.
Contao - Contao is an open source CMS formerly known as TYPOlight.
From the Author
Contao is an open source content management system (CMS) for people who want a professional internet presence that is easy to maintain. The state-of-the-art structure of the system offers a high security standard and allows you to develop search engine friendly websites that are also accessible for people with disabilities. Furthermore, the system can be expanded flexibly and inexpensively. Easy management of user rights, the Live Update Service, the modern CSS framework and many already integrated modules (news, calendar, forms, etc.) have quickly made Contao one of the most popular open source content management systems on the market.
Coranto - Coranto is an open source framework/cms that uses a flat file (text file) database. Coranto has a very small install size, with much of the functionality added through plugins, and is a CGI script. Coranto is the successor to NewsPro.
From the Author
Coranto is your everyday Content Management System (CMS). It's designed to be flexible, and you can easily expand Coranto's functions by the use of a multitude of "snap-in" addons. Whether you run a small blog or a fully scaled newspaper with millions of hits every day, you can rely on Coranto's fully browser-based environment to update your site. The script also has its own forums for your support, questions and ideas.
DotNetNuke - DotNetNuke is an open source ASP.NET content management system and .NET web application development framework.
From the Author
DotNetNuke is the leading Web Content Management Platform (or CMS) for Microsoft ASP.NET, powering over 700,000 production web sites worldwide. The flexible DotNetNuke open source CMS platform also functions as a web application development framework. Depending on your role within your organization, DotNetNuke provides powerful benefits to support your Web initiatives.
Drupal - Drupal is an open source cms.
From the Author
Drupal is an open-source platform and content management system for building dynamic web sites offering a broad range of features and services including user administration, publishing workflow, discussion capabilities, news aggregation, metadata functionalities using controlled vocabularies and XML publishing for content sharing purposes.
Equipped with a powerful blend of features and configurability, Drupal can support a diverse range of web projects ranging from personal weblogs to large community-driven sites.
e107 - e107 is an open source portal system.
From the Author
e107 is a content management system powered by PHP and MySQL that gives you a totally dynamic and professional website out of the box. It's open source, totally customizable and in constant development.
Joomla - Joomla! is a powerful open source portal system, and is one of the most-used scripts on the Internet. Joomla! forked from the Mambo project in 2005.
From the Author
Joomla! is one of the most powerful Open Source Content Management Systems on the planet. It is used all over the world for everything from simple websites to complex corporate applications. Joomla! is easy to install, simple to manage, and reliable.
Mambo - Mambo is a powerful open source portal system.
From the Author
Mambo Open Source Content Management System is the friendliest and most advanced CMS open source software available. Quite simply, MOS allows anyone to manage a web site. It is easily configured for personal sites, and powerful enough for large-scale commercial installations, perfect for non-tech webmasters and advanced programmers alike.
MODx - MODx is an open source PHP framework system.
From the Author
MODx is not a typical plug-and-play CMS. It's liberating and different and designed to work the way you think about sites, not how sites are built.
Moodle - Moodle is an open source course management system (education) script.
ocPortal - ocPortal is a free Content Management system for advanced dynamic/interactive websites.
From the Author
ocPortal is a CMS with many Web 2.0 and community features, for building modern, sophisticated websites. ocPortal supports many types of content (galleries, news/newsletters, etc.) - and integrating rich media and advertising into them. Community features include forums, member blogs, chat rooms, WIKI, and content commenting/rating. ocPortal lets you decide how your site will look and behave. Features are plentiful, but also optional. Feature integration is at the core of the ocPortal philosophy - for example, the site-wide search engine, and the unified member profiles. Out-of-the-box your site will meet the highest accessibility and professional standards, and will appear higher in Google due to automatic SEO. Your website will automatically block and record hacking attempts, and you can control access in different ways such as via paid subscription. ocPortal is designed as the software that'll handle all your needs; you'll get much more than just a Content Management System.
PHP-Nuke - PHP-Nuke is an open source portal system. Also applied are the latest PHP Nuke Patched security modifications. PHP-Nuke forked from the Thatware project in 2000.
From the Author
PHP-Nuke is an automated news system specially designed to be used in Intranets and the Internet. The Administrator has total control of his web site, registered users, and he will have in the hand a powerful assembly of tools to maintain an active and 100% interactive web site using databases.
PivotX - PivotX is an open source blog system. PivotX forked from the Pivotlog project in 2007.
From the Author
PivotX is a web-based tool to help you maintain dynamic sites, like weblogs or online journals.
Soholaunch - Soholaunch is a free website builder system. Additional features can be purchased from the website.
From the Author
Soholaunch Website Builder makes it easy for people of all experience levels to build and maintain a great website.
WebsiteBaker - WebsiteBaker is an open source website builder.
WordPress - Wordpress is an open source blog system, and is the most-used self hosted blog script on the Internet. Wordpress forked from the b2/cafelog project in 2003, and WordPress Mu multi-website functionality has been integrated since 2010.
From the Author
WordPress is a state-of-the-art personal publishing platform/blogger with a focus on aesthetics, web standards, and usability.
Xoops - Xoops is an open source portal system. Xoops forked from the PHP-Nuke project in 2002.
From the Author
Xoops is a dynamic-Object Oriented based open source portal script written in PHP. Xoops is the ideal tool for developing small to large dynamic community websites, intra company portals, corporate portals, weblogs and much more.
Zazavi - Zazavi is an open source website builder.
From the Author
Zazavi is a website builder designed with a simple drag-and-drop interface so that absolutely no programming skills are required. You can build your website for completely free within just a couple hours!
Zikula - Zikula is an open source portal system. Zikula forked from the PHP-Nuke project in 2001.
From the Author
No matter what your needs, Zikula can provide the solution. Be that a corporate presence with ecommerce, a simple blog or a community portal, Zikula can do it all. It's your electronic toolbox, a set of tools allowing you to build a dynamically generated web site that five years ago would have cost thousands of dollars to launch.
e-Commerce and Business
Web based business software includes e-commerce systems (also known as shopping carts) for running sales websites, customer support systems, and project managers.
When using online e-commerce software it is important to keep the software updated and be aware of security issues involving the software you use.
Crafty Syntax Live Help - Crafty Syntax Live Help is an open source chat-based help system.
From the Author
Live Help is a multi-user, multi-operator, multi-department live Help support chat system that allows the operators of the websites to monitor their visitors as they are browsing the site and proactively open a chat session with the visitor.
Features include auto-invite, referer tracking, page tracking, chat notification, user is typing message, multiple chat sessions, sound alert, leave a message if offline, push urls, quick responses, and multiple operators.
CubeCart - CubeCart is a free e-commerce shopping cart system. A commercial version is also available from the website. CubeCart was previously known as eStore.
From the Author
CubeCart is an eCommerce script that allows you to setup a powerful online store.
Help Center Live - Help Center Live is an open source chat-based help system.
From the Author
Help Center Live is a fully-featured support system that includes FAQ management, a TROUBLE TICKET system, and LIVE CHAT.
Magento - Magento is a very popular open source e-commerce shopping cart system.
From the Author
Magento is a professional open-source eCommerce solution offering unprecedented flexibility and control. With Magento, never feel trapped in your eCommerce solution again.
OpenCart - OpenCart is an open source e-commerce shopping cart system. OpenCart was launched in 2009.
From the Author
OpenCart is designed feature rich, easy to use, search engine friendly and with a visually appealing interface.
OpenX - OpenX is an open source advertising banner system, and is the most-used free banner system on the Internet. Openads was previously known as OpenAds and phpAdsNew, which forked from the phpAds project in 2000.
From the Author
OpenX is a free, open source ad server that is trusted by more than 30,000 web publishers in over 100 countries around the world. OpenX is a powerful ad serving solution that puts control over online advertising back in the hands of publishers.
osCommerce - osCommerce is a very popular open source e-commerce shopping cart system.
From the Author
osCommerce is an online shop e-commerce solution. Its feature-packed out-of-the-box installation allows store owners to setup, run, and maintain their online stores with minimum effort and with absolutely no costs or license fees involved.
osTicket - osTicket is an open source trouble tickets script.
From the Author
osTicket is a widely-used open source support ticket system. It seamlessly integrates inquiries created via email and web-based forms into a simple easy to use multi-user web interface. Easily manage, organize and archive all your support requests and responses in one place while providing your clients with accountability and responsiveness they deserve.
phpCOIN - phpCOIN is a free client and invoice management system.
From the Author
phpCOIN (Clients, Order, Invoices, and Notes) is an e-commerce/online-store solution that includes a variety of modules (store setup and display, customer management, invoicing, payment, and support) within a single interface.
phpMyFAQ - phpMyFAQ is a powerful free frequently asked questions system.
From the Author
phpMyFAQ is a multilingual Frequently-Asked-Questions system.
phpMyFAQ also offers a Content Management-System, flexible multi-user support, a news-system, user-tracking, language modules, templates, extensive XML-support, PDF-support, and a backup-system.
phpShop - phpShop is an open source e-commerce shopping cart system.
From the Author
phpShop is a PHP-based e-commerce application and PHP development framework. phpShop offers the basic features needed to run a successful e-commerce web site and to extend its capabilities for multiple purposes.
PrestaShop - PrestaShop is a lightweight open source e-commerce shopping cart system.
From the Author
The PrestaShop e-Commerce Solution was built to take advantage of essential Web 2.0 innovations such as dynamic AJAX-powered features and next-generation ergonomy. PrestaShop guides users through your product catalog intelligently and effortlessly, turning intrigued visitors into paying customers.
Quicksell Classifieds - Noah's Quicksell Classifieds is a popular free classifieds application. A commercial version is available from Noah's website.
From the Author
Noah's Quicksell Classifieds is the Internets immensely and most popular Classifieds WebSite-Ware on the Web. We now have a software series with the most modern Web-2.0 feel, features, and amazing new feature variations and functionality and we have a truly created on on going and ever growing recipe for a great Classifieds Ads WebSite Software that is perfect for any project.
Simple Invoices - Simple Invoices is an open source invoicing system that focuses on simplicity while still providing advanced features. Simple Invoices was launched in 2007.
SugarCRM - SugarCRM is an open source customer relations management system. Commercial versions are available on the website.
From the Author
SugarCRM is a premier customer relationship management application. Sugar Suite brings a new and effective way to better acquire, sell, service and manage customers, helping companies increase revenue by being more organized.
This is the free open source version of SugarCRM. More features are available in the commercial versions.
Zen Cart - Zen Cart is an open source e-commerce application. Zen Cart forked from the osCommerce project in 2003.
From the Author
Zen Cart truly is the art of e-commerce; free, user-friendly, open source shopping cart software. Zen Cart is developed by a group of like-minded shop owners, programmers, designers, and consultants that think ecommerce web design could be and should be done differently.
Photos and Files
Photo gallery software and file managers
cFTP - cFTP is an open source multi-user file sharing application. cFTP was launched in 2007.
Coppermine - Coppermine Photo Gallery is a popular open source image gallery system.
From the Author
Coppermine is a multi-purpose and fully-featured image gallery script.
Gallery - Gallery is a lightweight, powerful and popular open source image gallery system.
From the Author
Gallery is the next generation of open source photo sharing web applications. Gallery gives you an intuitive way to blend photo management seamlessly into your own website whether you're running a small personal site or a large community site. Hundreds of thousands of people and organizations are using Gallery to create personalized photo albums on their websites.
With Gallery, you can easily create and maintain albums of photos via an intuitive interface. Photo management includes automatic thumbnail creation, image resizing, rotation, ordering, captioning, searching and more. Albums can have read, write and caption permissions per individual authenticated user for an additional level of privacy. Give accounts to your friends and family and let them upload and manage their own photos on your website!
php File Manager - php File Manager is an open source web file manager. A commercial version with newer updates is available on the website. php File Manager forked from a project on phpfm.zalon.dk (site is no longer available).
Piwigo - Piwigo is an open source gallery application. Piwigo was launched in 2002 and renamed from PhpWebGallery in 2009.
Power File Manager - Invision Power File Manager is a free web file manager. Power File Manager was last updated in 2005 and is no longer supported by the author.
From the Author
Invision Power File Manager is a popular file management script that is extremely user friendly and gives you full control over all the users actions.
Invision Power File Manager is completely free for both personal and commercial use, all that we require is that the small link back to Invision Power Inc at the bottom of the page is left intact.
Zenphoto - Zenphoto is an open source gallery and photo blogging application.
From the Author
Zenphoto is a standalone gallery CMS that just makes sense and doesn't try to do everything and your dishes. We hope you agree with our philosophy: simpler is better. Don't get us wrong though Zenphoto really does have everything you need for web media gallery management.
Actually Zenphoto is more than just a gallery for images! It also features multimedia support for audio and video and is even capable of running your entire portfolio website including a news section (blog) and custom pages. This makes Zenphoto the ideal CMS for illustrators, artists, designers, photographers, film makers and musicians.
Surveys and Statistics
Aardvark Topsites - Aardvark Topsites is an open source topsites system, and is the most-used free "topsites" script on the Internet.
From the Author
Aardvark Topsites is simply the best topsites script there is. Features include: pageview counts, hits in and hits out, members ranking, and customizable templates.
Advanced Poll - Advanced Poll is a free survey/poll system.
From the Author
Advanced Poll is a polling system with powerful administration tool. It features: multiple polls, templates, unlimited options, multi-language support, IP-Logging, IP-Locking, cookie support, comment feature, vote expire feature, random poll support and more.
LimeSurvey - LimeSurvey is a powerful open source survey system, with statistical analysis. LimeSurvey was formlerly known as PHPSurveyor.
From the Author
LimeSurvey (aka PHPSurveyor) is a leading Open Source Online Survey Tool written in PHP.
LimeSurvey allows you to develop, publish and collect responses to surveys. LimeSurvey includes a wide range of built-in question types, and a range of flexible options.
Your surveys can include branching, your own preferred layout and design (using a templating system), and can provide basic statistical analysis of survey results.
Surveys can be public, or can be strictly controlled through the use of "once-only" tokens for each survey participant.
phpESP - phpESP is an open source survey system, with statistical analysis.
From the Author
phpESP allows you to create and publish surveys.
phpMyCounter - phpMyCounter is a highly-configurable free webpage hits counter maintained by Installatron.
From the Author
phpMyCounter is an easy to use yet sophisticated hit counting application. It includes an administration interface that allows you to customize the counter appearance and it works with PHP, SSI, or plain HTML webpages.
Piwik - Piwik is an open source real-time web analytics application. Piwik aims to be an open source alternative to Google Analytics.
From the Author
Piwik provides detailed reports on your website and its visitors, including the search engines and keywords used, the languages spoken, which pages are popular, the files downloaded, and so much more. Piwik is the leading open source web analytics software, used by more than 100,000 websites.
Simple Poll - Simple Poll is a free (for non-profit use) survey/poll application.
From the Author
Simple Poll employs a simple to use admin interface and template customizations for your poll so that you can easily adapt to the look and feel of your web site. Setup as many polls as you like.
Miscellaneous
Contact Form - Contact Form is a simple open source website contact form.
From the Author
Contact Form provides a simple way for visitors to contact you through your website. In addition to being a quick and easy way for visitors to contact you, this also helps eliminate spam by hiding your email address from spambots.
Feed On Feeds - Feed On Feeds is an open source RSS/Atom aggregator.
From the Author
FEED ON FEEDS is an easy to use server-side news aggregator that supports RSS and Atom.
A news aggregator allows you to subscribe to news sources and have new items collected together on a single page. The newest items appear at the top, and you can mark old news items read.
iTron Clock - iTron Clock is a free real-time javascript clock.
From the Author
Installatron Clock is a simple application that enables a static or dynamic text-based date and/or clock to be inserted into a webpage. The display is highly configurable and is easy to insert into any webpage.
phpFormGenerator - phpFormGenerator is an open source HTML form generator.
From the Author
phpFormGenerator is an easy-to-use tool to create reliable and efficient web forms in a snap. No programming of any sort is required. Just follow along the phpFormGenerator wizard and at the end, you will have a fully functional web form!
phpLinkDirectory - phpLinkDirectory is a free link directory script.
From the Author
phpLD is now the most widely used directory script on the internet. Our customers have tested the script on over 50,000 websites, and we have been able to produce a script that works in nearly all PHP hosting environments.
PHPLinks - phpLinks is an open source link management system, with search capabilities. phpLinks was last updated in 2003 and is no longer supported by the author. This install of phpLinks includes all available third-party patches.
From the Author
PHPLinks allows you to run an efficient Link Farm with full search capabilities.
PHPlist - phpList is an open source mailing-list/newsletter system.
From the Author
PHPlist is a web application that implements a personalised mailing list manager or customer relationship management (CRM) system.
PHPlist is designed to assist you to stay in touch with your audience, without flooding them with information they don't want. PHPlist is an essential tool for anyone who is serious about creating, capturing and maintaining an offline audience, and will help you increase traffic to your website.
Search Engine Project - The Search Engine Project is an open source website search system.
From the Author
TSEP (The Search Engine Project) is a search engine for a website. You can put a 'Search this site' anywhere on your website and let people quickly find what they are looking for.
SiteBar - SiteBar is an open source link management system, with search capabilities.
From the Author
Access and manage your private, shared or public bookmarks from any computer and browser connected to the Internet! Create personal, family, team, company or enterprise-wide bookmarks with flexible access rules, permissions and customizable design!
Site Recommender - Site Recommender is an open source "recommend my site" emailer. A commercial version with newer updates is available on the website.
From the Author
Site Recommender allows your visitors to recommend your site to one or more recipients. Default messages are easily modified and the look and feel is customizable via CSS stylesheet. You can choose to be notified when your site has been recommended, and email addresses are hidden so cannot be harvested by spammers. Also contains error checking.
WebCards - WebCards is an open source electronic greeting card system.
From the Author
Keep visitors returning to your site again and again with this powerful, efficient and easy to use e-card system. Featuring a full administration centre with a simple interface and full banning controls, visitors will enjoy communicating with their friends, bringing you more and more visitors.
webtrees - webtrees is an open source genealogy application. webtrees forked from the PhpGedView project in 2010.
From the Author
webtrees is a genealogy program which allows you to view and edit your genealogy on your website. webtrees works from standard GEDCOM files, and is therefore compatible with every major desktop application. Furthermore, it has full editing capabilities, full privacy functions, supports multimedia like photos and document images, and has tools to simplify the process of collaborating with others working on your family tree.
YOURLS - Your Own URL Shortener (YOURLS) is an open source personal URL shortening application.